Earth pigments are simply pigments found in the earth. They are readily abundant and cheap; however, there are some that are more difficult to find, for example Sienna.

Green Earth -- This pigment is made from a natural green clay containing small amounts of iron and manganese. It is usually olive-green to gray-green in color depending where it is found.

Black -- There are a variety of ways of producing a black pigment. One of the simplest is using carbon.

Yellow Ocher -- This pigment is a natural earth clay which occurs in a variety of yellow shades. Its color is obtained from iron.

Chalk White -- A very simple white pigment is calcium carbonate, also known as whiting. It can be obtained from chalk.

Raw Umber -- This pigment has a dark, cold color. It is made from manganese. It turns greenish-gray when mixed with a white pigment.

Burnt Umber -- This pigment is made from roasting raw umber in a furnace or kiln. It is a warm, red-brown color.

Indian Red -- This pigment is a red oxide.

Raw Sienna -- Made from natural clay containing iron oxide and manganese, this pigment is orange-brown in color.

Burnt Sienna -- As its name indicates, this pigment is made by burning raw sienna. It is a warm red-brown color.

Venetian Red -- One of the brightest red earths. It contains a large percentage of iron oxide.